ÿþ<html> <head> <title>Dr. Stephen Turnbull Professional Services</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <style type="text/css"> <!-- table { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 15px; color: #333333} --> </style> </head> <body bgcolor="CECECE" leftmargin="O" topmargin="O" marginwidth="O" marginheight="O" background="images/background2_new.gif"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="8"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><font color = "red" SIZE="3">THE SAMURAI</FONT COLOR></td> <BR> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="850" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="10"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="22" height="10"></td> <td> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="30" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="20"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="30" height="20"></td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"> <p> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#333333" size="2"><A NAME="1">THE 47 RONIN - THE MOVIE</A> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"> My latest project is as Historical Advisor for Universal Pictures for the forthcoming movie The 47 Ronin starring Keanu Reeves. It will be released in November 2012. Based on the famous story of the classic revenge attack in 1703, the story has been expanded to bring in fantasy elements and dramatic battles reminiscent of Lord of the Rings. <P> So should purists scoff at it as another example of Hollywood exaggeration? <P> Certainly not! <P> First, Japan has a long tradition of embellishing the story of the 47 Ronin, as will be explained in my forthcoming Osprey book, so we are in very good company. <P> Besides, in the souvenir shop in Banshu-Ako, home of the original 47 Ronin, you can buy a towel with each of the heroes shown in the guise of the children's character 'Hello Kitty'. Even Hollywood couldn't better that!<P> Second, all the fantasy figures you will see are firmly rooted in Japanese mythology, which gives it all an air of authenticity matched only by the amazing sets. I was involved early on in the design of the costumes, armour, weapons, flags, castles, temples and shrines, all of which are stunning. <P> As for other details, well, I am sworn to secrecy, but I have watched the filming and can guarantee that you are in for a treat. <P> As I said to the talented young Director Carl Rinsch only the other day, I am delighted at what they have done with my suggestions and have been proud to work on the movie. </font></p> </td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="30" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"> <img src="images/keanu.JPG" width="250" height="195" border = "1"> <P> <img src="images/ronin1.jpg" width="250" height="350" border = "1"> </td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="4">THE 47 RONIN - THE BOOK</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333">This will be my next Osprey book. It is in the Raids Series and tells the true story of the famous revenge attack of 1703.<P> Most of what we understand about the 47 Ronin comes from a play written soon afterwards called Chushingura, the first of a long list of exaggerated versions of which the above movie is the latest. Here you can discover what really happened on that snowy night. Lord Kira's samurai were every bit as brave as the 47 Ronin - now you can read their story for the first time. <P> In 2010 I walked the course of the 47 Ronin's march to Sengakuji with the head of Lord Kira. There are photos of the sites and also several colour plates of the warriors and their weapons. <P> There are specially commissioned colour plates and also a birds eye cutaway of Kira's mansion. <P> So look out for <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/9781849084277 /stephenturnbul04">The Revenge of the 47 Ronin: Edo 1703.</A> That's right - even the traditional date is wrong - and there are a lot more surprises too. </font></p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/ronin2.jpg" width="250" height="350"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="3">THE SAMURAI MANUAL -UNOFFICIAL</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333">Last year I was approached by Thames and Hudson, who publish a very jolly series of imitation 'training manuals'. Titles already in print include Gladiator and Medieval Knight. Would I like to produce a training manual for samurai? <P> I have just completed it, and it has been a lot of fun. All the information is accurate, but it is written in a light-hearted way as if it was actually written by a very pompous official under the Tokugawa.<P> For example,here is an extract from the section entitled 'A Handy Guide to Bowing'<P> "I conclude with the practical details involved in giving and returning a bow because, having received a bow from an inferior, the superior lord must acknowledge the fact by returning a bow in recognition of the honour, making sure that his bow passes through a smaller angle of bodily declination than the salutation that he has received. When the social gulf due to rank and wealth is considerable the smallest lowering of the head in acknowledgement is more than adequate as a courtesy." <P> "Needless to say, any farmer, merchant, actor or outcast who encounters a samurai entourage on the road should not merely bow but immediately press his forehead into the mud and leave it there without sight or sound until the absence of any external noise indicates that the procession has passed by. The sole exception to this rule concerns priests, who, having bowed appropriately from the waist, may return to a vertical yet respectful position to bestow their prayers and blessings upon the passing martial host." <P> "Those who are scarcely human - criminals and the like - must of course take pains to ensure that they are not even present when a lord passes, less the very sight of them pollutes his exalted presence. Finally, foreigners, on the whole, have learned to respect our traditions, but if a foreigner, in his unenlightened ignorance, fails to bow he is to be pitied rather than punished. Decapitation in such circumstances would be both inappropriate and injurious to international relations." <P> The book will be lavishly illustrated and will be in the shops early in 2012. <br></font></p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"> <img src="images/before.JPG" width="365" height="273" border = "1"> <P> <img src="images/after.JPG" width="409" height="262" border = "1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="3">THE SAMURAI SWORDSMAN:MASTER OF WAR</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333">Every now and again I have the chance to write a lavishly illustrated large format book.<P> They are expensive to produce, but the results in <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1844157129/stephenturnbul04">The Samurai Swordsman</A> are worth the expense. <P>This book replaces my earlier work The Lone Samurai, and unlike that modest book, this one is in full colour with nearly all new illustrations and two completely new chapters. <br></font></p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/tsuk1.jpg" width="250" height="350" border = "1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#333333" size="2"><A NAME="2">PREVIOUS HIGHLIGHTS</A> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"> My latest book is Katana, all about the samurai sword. Look out also for my book on Samurai Women and a biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. <P> In 2008 I published a book for children about samurai. It is called <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1592700608/stephenturnbul04">Real Samurai</A>. <P>It is full of specially commissioned colour plates by James Field. We rather enjoyed doing it, and have included some rather good scenes, including some spectacular banners worn by the messengers in samurai armies. <P>My fiftieth book was <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1846030218/stephenturnbul04">The Samurai and the Sacred.</A>. It is the textbook for my course at Leeds University. <P> In 2008 I spent five months in Japan as Visiting Professor of Japanese Studies at Akita International University. I am still going through the mountain of material I brought back!<P> You will see some old stuff in Warriors of Medieval Japan, because this is my three Warriors books (Ninja, Ashigaru and Monks) bound together, BUT I have added a completely new section on samurai and have considerably revised the other three. There are also lots of new pictures, so it REALLY is worth buying! <P> </font></p> </td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="30" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/toda.jpg" width="250" height="350" border = "1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="3">SAMURAI: THE STORY OF JAPAN'S NOBLE WARRIORS</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333">This book is lavishly illustrated and provides a very good introduction to the samurai, particularly who someone who isn't a military buff.<br><br>It would make an ideal present for anyone you are trying to convert! <br> <br> It has the unique feature of 'dress your own samurai'. A series of transparent overlays allow you to arm three samurai from different ages and an ashigaru!<P> The illustrations have been printed perfectly. Here is a sample.</font></p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/headcut.jpg" width="200" height="304" border = "1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="5">SAMURAI: WORLD OF THE WARRIOR</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333">I was delighted when I was chosen to be the first author to relaunch an Osprey hardback series. <br> <br> Samurai: World of the Warrior has a thematic approach. There are chapters on samurai pirates, samurai artillery and many other topics including the heroic story of the White Tigers of Aizu.</p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/gundeath.jpg" width="200" height="243" border = "1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="6">KAWANAKAJIMA 1553-1564</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"> This is another volume by me in Osprey's acclaimed Campaigns series.<br> <br> I spent a very cold week wandering the battlefield of Kawanakajima - (all five of them!),including climbing a motorway embankment to get a shot of the entire battlefield at Hachimanbara! <br> <br> My mate Wayne Reynolds has produced the superb colour plates. </p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shingen.jpg" width="120" height="183" border = "1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="11" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#666666"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td valign="top"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"><A NAME="7">KEY PAPERS ON THE SAMURAI TRADITION</A></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#333333"> Over the years I have made good use of hundreds of academic papers on samurai topics, some of which were written over a century ago. Most of these are almost impossible to get hold of unless you have access to specialised libraries. <br> <br> Japan Library, who publish The Samurai: A Military History, have published my two-volume set of such articles, entitled Key Papers on the Samurai Tradition. I have chosen a fascinating collection of important and little-known works. <br> <br> I must warn you, however, that it is very expensive indeed, because it is a limited printing aimed at the library market in Japan. It is actually £250.00... Here are the contents:<P>Key Papers on the Samurai Tradition <P> Volume 1: the Age of War <P> Turnbull, Stephen >Introduction: The Samurai Tradition and Japan=s Military Revolution= Farris, Wayne 1984 >From Soldier to Samurai= Transactions of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan 28, 9 pp. 34-39. Friday, Karl 1993 >Valorous butchers: The Art of War during the Golden Age of the Samurai= Japan Forum 5,1 pp. 1-19 Wilson, William Ritchie 1973 >The Way of the Bow and Arrow: The Japanese Warrior in Konjaku Monogatari= Monumenta Nipponica 28 pp.177-233 Diosy, Arthur 1911 >Yoshitsune, the boy hero of Japan= Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society of London 10, pp. 50-77. Blacker, Carmen 1999 >Legends of Heike Villages: the Fugitive Warrior as Ancestor= Proceedings of the Japan Society 132 pp.5-12. Brownlee, John S. 1969 >The ShÇðkyãð War and the Political Rise of the Warriors= Monumenta Nipponica 24, pp. 59-77. Shackley, Myra 1986 >Arms and the Men: 14th century Japanese swordsmanship illustrated by skeletons from Zaimokusa, near Kamakura, Japan= World Archaeology 18,2 pp.247-254. Birt, Michael P. 1985 >Samurai in Passage: The Transformation of the Sixteenth-Century KantÇð= Journal of Japanese Studies 11,2 pp. 369-399. Brown, Delmer M. 1948 > The Impact of Firearms on Japanese Warfare, 1543-98' Far Eastern Quarterly 7, pp. 236-253. Gubbins, J. H. 1880 >Hideyoshi and the Satsuma Clan in the Sixteenth Century= Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 8, pp. 92-143. Bodart, Beatrice M. 1977 >Tea and Counsel: The Political Role of Sen Rikyãð= Monumenta Nipponica 32, pp. 49-74. Turnbull, Stephen 1998 >Chinese influence on Japanese siege warfare= Royal Armouries Yearbook 3 pp. 145-158.<P> Volume 2: the Age of Peace <P> Steenstrup, Carl 1973 >The Imagawa Letter. A Muromachi Warrior=s Code of Conduct which became a Tokugawa Schoolbook= Monumenta Nipponica 28, pp. 295-316. Hall, John Whitney 1955 >The Castle Town and Japan=s Modern Urbanisation= Far Eastern Quarterly 15, pp. 37-56. Bonar, H. A. C. 1887 >On Maritime Enterprise in Japan= Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 15, pp. 103-124. Itakura, Kiyonobu and Itakura, Reiko 1962 >Studies of Trajectory in Japan before the Days of Dutch Learning= Japanese Studies in the History of Science 1, pp. 83-91. Bottomley, Ian 1997 >A Remarkable Armour= Royal Armouries Yearbook 2, pp. 144-148. McClatchie, Thomas R. 1876 >The Feudal Mansions of Yedo= Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 7, pp. 157-182. Moore, Ray A. 1970 >Adoption and Samurai Mobility in Tokugawa Japan= Journal of Asian Studies 29, 3 pp. 617-632. Dautremer, J. 1885 >The Vendetta or Legal Revenge in Japan= Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 13, pp. 82-89. Ackroyd, Joyce 1957 >Women in Feudal Japan= Transactions of the Japan Society of London pp. 31-68. Rogers, John M. 1990a >Arts of War in Times of Peace: Archery in HonchÇð Bugei ShÇðden, Chapter 4' Monumenta Nipponica 45, 3 pp. 253-284. Bain, Edgar C. 1962 >Nippon-tÇð: an introduction to old swords of Japan= Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 220, 4 pp. 265-282. Rogers, John M. 1990b >Arts of War in Times of Peace: Swordsmanship in HonchÇð Bugei ShÇðden, Chapter 5' Monumenta Nipponica 45, 4 pp. 413-447. Rogers, John M. 1991 >Arts of War in Times of Peace: Swordsmanship in HonchÇð Bugei ShÇðden, Chapter 6' Monumenta Nipponica 46, 2 pp. 173-202. Buck, James H. 1973 >The Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. From Kagoshima through the Siege of Kumamoto Castle= Monumenta Nipponica 28, 4 pp. 427-446. Allen, Louis 1976 >Death and Honour in Japan= The Listener June 24 1976 pp. 800-802. </p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> </td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> <td><img src="images/shim.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>